中华人民共和国行政诉讼法(附英文)
【时效性】 有效
【颁布单位】 全国人民代表大会
【颁布日期】 19890404
【实施日期】 19901001
【失效日期】
【内容分类】 刑事诉讼法
【文号】 中华人民共和国主席令
第十六号
【名称】 中华人民共和国行政诉讼法
【名称】 ADMINISTRATIVE
PROCEDURE LAW OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
【题注】 １９８９年４月４
第七届全国人民代表大会
第二次会议通过
【章名】 《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》
已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会
第二次会议于１９８９年４月４日
通过，现予公布，自１９９０年１０月１日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席 杨尚昆 １９８９年４月４日
【章名】 目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 受案范围
第三章 官 辖
第四章 诉讼参加人
第五章 证 据
第六章 起诉和受理
第七章 审理和判决
第八章 执 行
第九章 侵权
赔偿责任
第十章 涉外行政诉讼
第十一章 附 则
【章名】
第一章
总 则
第一条 为保证人民法院正确、及时审理行政案件，保护公民
、法人和其他组织的合法权益，维护和监督行政机关依法行使行政职
权，根据宪法制定本法。
第二条 公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政
机关和行政机关工作人员的具体行政行为侵犯其合法权益，有权依照
本法向人民法院提起诉讼。
第三条 人民法院依法对行政案件独立行
使审判权，不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。人民法院设行政
审判庭，审理行政案件。
第四条 人民法院审理行政案件，以事实为
根据，以法律为准绳。
第五条 人民法院审理行政案件，对具体行政
行为是否合法进行审查。
第六条 人民法院审理行政案件，依法实行合议、回避、公开审判和两审终审制度。
第七条 当事人在行政诉讼中的法律地位平等。第八条 各民族公民都有用本民族语言、文字进
行行政诉讼的权利。在少数民族聚居或者多民族共同居住的地区，人
民法院应当用当地民族通用的语言、文字进行审理和发布法律文书。
人民法院应当对不通晓当地民族通用的语言、文字的诉讼参与人提供翻译。
第九条 当事人在行政诉讼中有权进行辩论。
第十条 人民检察
院有权对行政诉讼实行法律监督。
【章名】
第二章 受案范围
第十
一条 人民法院受理公民、法人和其他组织对下列具体行政行为不服
提起的诉讼： （一）对拘留、罚款、吊销许可证和执照、责令停产
停业、没收财物等行政处罚不服的； （二）对限制人身自由或者对
财产的查封、扣押、冻结等行政强制措施不服的； （三）认为行政
机关侵犯法律规定的经营自主权的； （四）认为符合法定条件申请
行政机关颁发许可证和执照，行政机关拒绝颁发或者不予答复的；
（五）申请行政机关履行保护人身权、财产权的法定职责，行政机关
拒绝履行或者不予答复的； （六）认为行政机关没有依法发给抚恤
金的； （七）认为行政机关违法要求履行义务的； （八）认为行政
机关侵犯其他人身权、财产权的。除前款规定外，人民法院受理法律
、法规规定可以提起诉讼的其他行政案件。
第十二条 人民法院不受
理公民、法人或者其他组织对下列事项提起的诉讼： （一）国防、
外交等国家行为； （二）行政法规、规章或者行政机关制定、发布
的具有普遍约束力的决定、命令； （三）行政机关对行政机关工作
人员的奖惩、任免等决定； （四）法律规定由行政机关最终裁决的
具体行政行为。
【章名】
第三章 管 辖
第十三条 基层人民法院管辖
第一审行政案件。
第十四条 中级人民法院管辖下列第一审行政案件：
（一）确认发明专利权的案件、海关处理的案件； （二）对国
务院各部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府所作的具体行政行为提
起诉讼的案件； （三）本辖区内重大、复杂的案件。
第十五条 高级人民法院管辖本辖区内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件。
第十六条 最高人民法院管辖全国范围内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件。
第十七条行政案件由最初作出具体行政行为的行政机关所在地人民法院管辖。
经复议的案件，复议机关改变原具体行政行为的，也可以由复议机关
所在地人民法院管辖。
第十八条 对限制人身自由的行政强制措施不
服提起的诉讼，由被告所在地或者原告所在地人民法院管辖。
第十九条 因不动产提起的行政诉讼，由不动产所在地人民法院管辖。
第二十条 两个以上人民法院都有管辖权的案件，原告可以选择其中一个
人民法院提起诉讼。原告向两个以上有管辖权的人民法院提起诉讼的
，由最先收到起诉状的人民法院管辖。
第二十一条 人民法院发现受理的案件不属于自己管辖时，应当移送有管辖权的人民法院。受移送的人民法院不得自行移送。
第二十二条 有管辖权的人民法院由于特
殊原因不能行使管辖权的，由上级人民法院指定管辖。人民法院对管
辖权发生争议，由争议双方协商解决。协商不成的，报它们的共同上
级人民法院指定管辖。
第二十三条 上级人民法院有权审判下级人民
法院管辖的
第一审行政案件，也可以把自己管辖的
第一审行政案件移
交下级人民法院审判。下级人民法院对其管辖的
第一审行政案件，认
为需要由上级人民法院审判的，可以报请上级人民法院决定。
【章名】
第四章 诉讼参加人
第二十四条 依照本法提起诉讼的公民、法人
或者其他组织是原告。有权提起诉讼的公民死亡，其近亲属可以提起
诉讼。有权提起诉讼的法人或者其他组织终止，承受其权利的法人或
者其他组织可以提起诉讼。
第二十五条 公民、法人或者其他组织直接向人民法院提起诉讼的，作出具体行政行为的行政机关是被告。经复议的案件，复议机关决定维持原具体行政行为的，作出原具体行政
行为的行政机关是被告；复议机关改变原具体行政行为的，复议机关
是被告。两个以上行政机关作出同一具体行政行为的，共同作出具体
行政行为的行政机关是共同被告。由法律、法规授权的组织所作的具
体行政行为，该组织是被告。由行政机关委托的组织所作的具体行政
行为，委托的行政机关是被告。行政机关被撤销的，继续行使其职权
的行政机关是被告。
第二十六条 当事人一方或双方为二人以上，因
同一具体行政行为发生的行政案件，或者因同样的具体行政行为发生
的行政案件、人民法院认为可以合并审理的，为共同诉讼。
第二十七
条 同提起诉讼的具体行政行为有利害关系的其他公民、法人或者其
他组织，可以作为
第三人申请参加诉讼，或者由人民法院通知参加诉讼。
第二十八条 没有诉讼行为能力的公民，由其法定代理人代为诉讼。法定代理人互相推诿代理责任的，由人民法院指定其中一人代为诉讼。
第二十九条 当事人、法定代理人，可以委托一至二人代为诉
讼。律师、社会团体、提起诉讼的公民的近亲属或者所在单位推荐的
人，以及经人民法院许可的其他公民，可以受委托为诉讼代理人。
第
三十条 代理诉讼的律师，可以依照规定查阅本案有关材料，可以向
有关组织和公民调查，收集证据。对涉及国家秘密和个人隐私的材料
，应当依照法律规定保密。经人民法院许可，当事人和其他诉讼代理
人可以查阅本案庭审材料，但涉及国家秘密和个人隐私的除外。
【章名】
第五章 证 据
第三十一条 证据有以下几种： （一）书证；
（二）物证； （三）视听资料； （四）证人证言； （五）当事人
的陈述； （六）鉴定结论； （七）勘验笔录、现场笔录。以上证据
经法庭审查属实，才能作为定案的根据。
第三十二条 被告对作出的
具体行政行为负有举证责任，应当提供作出该具体行政行为的证据和
所依据的规范性文件。
第三十三条 在诉讼过程中，被告不得自行向
原告和证人收集证据。
第三十四条 人民法院有权要求当事人提供或
者补充证据。人民法院有权向有关行政机关以及其他组织、公民调取
证据。
第三十五条 在诉讼过程中，人民法院认为对专门性问题需要
鉴定的，应当交由法定鉴定部门鉴定；没有法定鉴定部门的，由人民
法院指定的鉴定部门鉴定。
第三十六条 在证据可能灭失或者以后难
以取得的情况下，诉讼参加人可以向人民法院申请保全证据，人民法
院也可以主动采取保全措施。
【章名】
第六章 起诉和受理
第三十
七条 对属于人民法院受案范围的行政案件，公民、法人或者其他组
织可以先向上一级行政机关或者法律、法规规定的行政机关申请复议
，对复议不服的，再向人民法院提起诉讼；也可以直接向人民法院提
起诉讼。法律、法规规定应当先向行政机关申请复议，对复议不服再
向人民法院提起诉讼的，依照法律、法规的规定。
第三十八条 公民
、法人或者其他组织向行政机关申请复议的，复议机关应当在收到申
请书之日起两个月内作出决定。法律、法规另有规定的除外。申请人
不服复议决定的，可以在收到复议决定书之日起十五日内向人民法院
提起诉讼。复议机关逾期不作决定的，申请人可以在复议期满之日起
十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。法律另有规定的除外。
第三十九条
公民、法人或者其他组织直接向人民法院提起诉讼的，应当在知道作
出具体行政行为之日起三个月内提出。法律另有规定的除外。
第四十
条 公民、法人或者其他组织因不可抗力或者其他特殊情况耽误法定
期限的，在障碍消除后的十日内，可以申请延长期限，由人民法院决
定。
第四十一条 提起诉讼应当符合下列条件： （一）原告是认为具
体行政行为侵犯其合法权益的公民、法人或者其他组织； （二）有
明确的被告； （三）有具体的诉讼请求和事实根据； （四）属于人
民法院受案范围和受诉人民法院管辖。
第四十二条 人民法院接到起
诉状，经审查，应当在七日内立案或者作出裁定不予受理。原告对裁
定不服的，可以提起上诉。
【章名】
第七章 审理和判决
第四十三
条 人民法院应当在立案之日起五日内，将起诉状副本发送被告。被
告应当在收到起诉状副本之日起十日内向人民法院提交作出具体行政
行为的有关材料，并提出答辩状。人民法院应当在收到答辩状之日起
五日内，将答辩状副本发送原告。被告不提出答辩状的，不影响人民
法院审理。
第四十四条 诉讼期间，不停止具体行政行为的执行。但
有下列情形之一的，停止具体行政行为的执行： （一）被告认为需
要停止执行的； （二）原告申请停止执行，人民法院认为该具体行
政行为的执行会造成难以弥补的损失，并且停止执行不损害社会公共
利益，裁定停止执行的； （三）法律、法规规定停止执行的。
第四
十五条 人民法院公开审理行政案件，但涉及国家秘密、个人隐私和
法律另有规定的除外。
第四十六条 人民法院审理行政案件，由审判
员组成合议庭，或者由审判员、陪审员组成合议庭。合议庭的成员，
应当是三人以上的单数。
第四十七条 当事人认为审判人员与本案有
利害关系或者有其他关系可能影响公正审判，有权申请审判人员回避
。审判人员认为自己与本案有利害关系或者有其他关系，应当申请回
避。前两款规定，适用于书记员、翻译人员、鉴定人、勘验人。院长
担任审判长时的回避，由审判委员会决定；审判人员的回避，由院长
决定；其他人员的回避，由审判长决定。当事人对决定不服的，可以
申请复议。
第四十八条 经人民法院两次合法传唤，原告无正当理由
拒不到庭的，视为申请撤诉；被告无正当理由拒不到庭的，可以缺席
判决。
第四十九条 诉讼参与人或者其他人有下列行为之一的，人民
法院可以根据情节轻重，予以训诫、责令具结悔过或者处一千元以下
的罚款、十五日以下的拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任： （
一）有义务协助执行的人，对人民法院的协助执行通知书，无故推拖
、拒绝或者妨碍执行的； （二）伪造、隐藏、毁灭证据的； （三）
指使、贿买、胁迫他人作伪证或者威胁、阻止证人作证的； （四）
隐藏、转移、变卖、毁损已被查封、扣押、冻结的财产的； （五）
以暴力、威胁或者其他方法阻碍人民法院工作人员执行职务或者扰乱
人民法院工作秩序的； （六）对人民法院工作人员、诉讼参与人、
协助执行人侮辱、诽谤、诬陷、殴打或者打击报复的。罚款、拘留须
经人民法院院长批准。当事人对决定不服的，可以申请复议。
第五十条 人民法院审理行政案件，不适用调解。
第五十一条 人民法院对行
政案件宣告判决或者裁定前，原告申请撤诉的，或者被告改变其所作
的具体行政行为，原告同意并申请撤诉的，是否准许，由人民法院裁
定。
第五十二条 人民法院审理行政案件，以法律和行政法规、地方
性法规为依据。地方性法规适用于本行政区域内发生的行政案件。人
民法院审理民族自治地方的行政案件，并以该民族自治地方的自治条
例和单行条例为依据。
第五十三条 人民法院审理行政案件，参照国
务院部、委根据法律和国务院的行政法规、决定、命令制定、发布的
规章以及省、自治区、直辖市和省、自治区的人民政府所在地的市和
经国务院批准的较大的市的人民政府根据法律和国务院的行政法规制
定、发布的规章。人民法院认为地方人民政府制定、发布的规章与国
务院部、委制定、发布的规章不一致的，以及国务院部、委制定、发
布的规章之间不一致的，由最高人民法院送请国务院作出解释或者裁
决。
第五十四条 人民法院经过审理，根据不同情况，分别作出以下
判决： （一）具体行政行为证据确凿，适用法律、法规正确，符合
法定程序的，判决维持。（二）具体行政行为有下列情形之一的，判
决撤销或者部分撤销，并可以判决被告重新作出具体行政行为： ⒈
主要证据不足的； ⒉适用法律、法规错误的； ⒊违反法定程序的；
⒋超越职权的； ⒌滥用职权的。（三）被告不履行或者拖延履行法
定职责的，判决其在一定期限内履行。（四）行政处罚显失公正的，
可以判决变更。
第五十五条 人民法院判决被告重新作出具体行政行
为的，被告不得以同一的事实和理由作出与原具体行政行为基本相同
的具体行政行为。
第五十六条 人民法院在审理行政案件中，认为行
政机关的主管人员、直接责任人员违反政纪的，应当将有关材料移送
该行政机关或者其上一级行政机关或者监察、人事机关；认为有犯罪
行为的，应当将有关材料移送公安、检察机关。
第五十七条 人民法
院应当在立案之日起三个月内作出
第一审判决。有特殊情况需要延长
的，由高级人民法院批准，高级人民法院审理
第一审案件需要延长的
，由最高人民法院批准。
第五十八条 当事人不服人民法院
第一审判
决的，有权在判决书送达之日起十五日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉
。当事人不服人民法院
第一审裁定的，有权在裁定书送达之日起十日
内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。逾期不提起上诉的，人民法院的
第一审判决或者裁定发生法律效力。
第五十九条 人民法院对上诉案件，
认为事实清楚的，可以实行书面审理。
第六十条 人民法院审理上诉
案件，应当在收到上诉状之日起两个月内作出终审判决。有特殊情况
需要延长的，由高级人民法院批准，高级人民法院审理上诉案件需要
延长的，由最高人民法院批准。
第六十一条 人民法院审理上诉案件，按照下列情形，分别处理： （一）原判决认定事实清楚，适用法律、法规正确的，判决驳回上诉，维持原判； （二）原判决认定事
实清楚，但是适用法律、法规错误的，依法改判； （三）原判决认
定事实不清，证据不足，或者由于违反法定程序可能影响案件正确判
决的，裁定撤销原判，发回原审人民法院重审，也可以查清事实后改
判。当事人对重审案件的判决、裁定，可以上诉。
第六十二条 当事
人对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，认为确有错误的，可以向原审
人民法院或者上一级人民法院提出申诉，但判决、裁定不停止执行。
第六十三条 人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，
发现违反法律、法规规定认为需要再审的，应当提交审判委员会决定
是否再审。上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、
裁定，发现违反法律、法规规定的，有权提审或者指令下级人民法院
再审。
第六十四条 人民检察院对人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决
、裁定，发现违反法律、法规规定的，有权按照审判监督程序提出抗
诉。
【章名】
第八章 执 行
第六十五条 当事人必须履行人民法院
发生法律效力的判决、裁定。公民、法人或者其他组织拒绝履行判决
、裁定的，行政机关可以向
第一审人民法院申请强制执行，或者依法
强制执行。行政机关拒绝履行判决、裁定的，
第一审人民法院可以采
取以下措施： （一）对应当归还的罚款或者应当给付的赔偿金，通
知银行从该行政机关的帐户内划拨； （二）在规定期限内不执行的
，从期满之日起，对该行政机关按日处五十元至一百元的罚款； （
三）向该行政机关的上一级行政机关或者监察、人事机关提出司法建
议。接受司法建议的机关，根据有关规定进行处理，并将处理情况告
知人民法院； （四）拒不执行判决、裁定，情节严重构成犯罪的，
依法追究主管人员和直接责任人员的刑事责任。
第六十六条 公民、
法人或者其他组织对具体行政行为在法定期间不提起诉讼又不履行的
，行政机关可以申请人民法院强制执行，或者依法强制执行。
【章名】
第九章 侵权赔偿责任
第六十七条 公民、法人或者其他组织的合
法权益受到行政机关或者行政机关工作人员作出的具体行政行为侵犯
造成损害的，有权请求赔偿。公民、法人或者其他组织单独就损害赔
偿提出请求，应当先由行政机关解决。对行政机关的处理不服，可以
向人民法院提起诉讼。赔偿诉讼可以适用调解。
第六十八条 行政机
关或者行政机关工作人员作出的具体行政行为侵犯公民、法人或者其
他组织的合法权益造成损害的，由该行政机关或者该行政机关工作人
员所在的行政机关负责赔偿。行政机关赔偿损失后，应当责令有故意
或者重大过失的行政机关工作人员承担部分或者全部赔偿费用。
第六
十九条 赔偿费用，从各级财政列支。各级人民政府可以责令有责任
的行政机关支付部分或者全部赔偿费用。具体办法由国务院规定。
【章名】
第十章 涉外行政诉讼
第七十条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组
织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼，适用本法。法律另有规定的除外。
第七十一条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行
行政诉讼，同中华人民共和国公民、组织有同等的诉讼权利和义务。
外国法院对中华人民共和国公民、组织的行政诉讼权利加以限制的，
人民法院对该国公民、组织的行政诉讼权利，实行对等原则。
第七十二条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约同本法有不同规定的
，适用该国际条约的规定。中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
第七十三条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政
诉讼，委托律师代理诉讼的，应当委托中华人民共和国律师机构的律
师。
【章名】
第十一章 附 则
第七十四条 人民法院审理行政案件
，应当收取诉讼费用。诉讼费用由败诉方承担，双方都有责任的由双
方分担。收取诉讼费用的具体办法另行规定。
第七十五条 本法自１
９９０年１０月１日起施行。
【题注】
【章名】 Important
Notice: (注意事项) 英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译,
中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民 共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7?br>掳?. 当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED
MATTERS" (1991.7) which is compiled by the Brueau of
Legislative Affairs of the State Council of the People’s
Republic of China, and is published by the China Legal
System Publishing House. In case of discrepancy, the
original version in Chinese shall prevail.
【章名】 Whole
Document (法规全文) ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE LAW OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (Adopted at the Second Session of
the Seventh National People’s Congress on April 4, 1989,
promulgated by Order No. 16 of the President of the People’s
Republic of China on April 4, 1989, and effective as of
October 1, 1990)
【章名】 Contents Chapter I General
Provisions Chapter II Scope of Accepting Cases Chapter III
Jurisdiction Chapter IV Participants in Proceedings Chapter
V Evidence Chapter VI Bringing a Suit and Accepting a Case
Chapter VII Trial and Judgment Chapter VIII Execution
Chapter IX Liability for Compensation for Infringement of
Rights Chapter X Administrative Procedure Involving Foreign
Interest Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions
【章名】
Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 Pursuant to the
Constitution, this Law is enacted for the purpose of
ensuring the correct and prompt handling of administrative
cases by the people’s courts, protecting the lawful rights
and interests of citizens, legal persons and other
organizations, and safeguarding and supervising the exercise
of administrative powers by administrative organs in
accordance with the law. Article 2 If a citizen, a legal
person or any other organization considers that his or its
lawful rights and interests have been infringed upon by a
specific administrative act of an administrative organ or
its personnel, he or it shall have the right to bring a suit
before a people’s court in accordance with this Law. Article
3 The people’s courts shall, in accordance with the law,
exercise judicial power independently with respect to
administrative cases, and shall not be subject to
interference by any administrative organ, public
organization or individual. The people’s courts shall set up
administrative divisions for the handling of administrative
cases. Article 4 In conducting administrative proceedings,
the people’s courts shall base themselves on facts and take
the law as the criterion. Article 5 In handling
administrative cases, the people’s courts shall examine the
legality of specific administrative acts. Article 6 In
handling administrative cases, the people’s courts shall, as
prescribed by law, apply the systems of collegial panel,
withdrawal of judicial personnel and public trial and a
system whereby the second instance is the final instance.
Article 7 Parties to an administrative suit shall have equal
legal positions. Article 8 Citizens of all nationalities
shall have the right to use their native spoken and written
languages in administrative proceedings. In an area where
people of a minority nationality live in concentrated
communities or where a number of nationalities live
together, the people’s courts shall conduct adjudication and
issue legal documents in the language or languages commonly
used by the local nationalities. The people’s courts shall
provide interpretation for participants in proceedings who
do not understand the language or languages commonly used by
the local nationalities. Article 9 Parties to an
administrative suit shall have the right to debate. Article
10 The people’s procuratorates shall have the right to
exercise legal supervision over administrative proceedings.
【章名】 Chapter II Scope of Accepting Cases Article 11 The
people’s courts shall accept suits brought by citizens,
legal persons or other organizations against any of the
following specific administrative acts: (1) an
administrative sanction, such as detention, fine, rescission
of a license or permit, order to suspend production or
business or confiscation of property, which one refuses to
accept; (2) a compulsory administrative measure, such as
restricting freedom of the person or the sealing up, seizing
or freezing of property, which one refuses to accept; (3)
infringement upon one’s managerial decision-making powers,
which is considered to have been perpetrated by an
administrative organ; (4) refusal by an administrative organ
to issue a permit or license, which one considers oneself
legally qualified to apply for, or its failure to respond to
the application; (5) refusal by an administrative organ to
perform its statutory duty of protecting one’s rights of the
person and of property, as one has applied for, or its
failure to respond to the application; (6) cases where an
administrative organ is considered to have failed to issue a
pension according to law; (7) cases where an administrative
organ is considered to have illegally demanded the
performance of duties; and (8) cases where an administrative
organ is considered to have infringed upon other rights of
the person and of property. Apart from the provisions set
forth in the preceding paragraphs, the people’s courts shall
accept other administrative suits which may be brought in
accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and
regulations. Article 12 The people’s courts shall not accept
suits brought by citizens, legal persons or other
organizations against any of the following matters: (1) acts
of the state in areas like national defence and foreign
affairs; (2) administrative rules and regulations,
regulations, or decisions and orders with general binding
force formulated and announced by administrative organs; (3)
decisions of an administrative organ on awards or
punishments for its personnel or on the appointment or
relief of duties of its personnel; and (4) specific
administrative acts that shall, as provided for by law, be
finally decided by an administrative organ.
【章名】 Chapter
III Jurisdiction Article 13 The basic people’s courts shall
have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over
administrative cases. Article 14 The intermediate people’s
courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance
over the following administrative cases: (1) cases of
confirming patent rights of invention and cases handled by
the Customs; (2) suits against specific administrative acts
undertaken by departments under the State Council or by the
people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions or
municipalities directly under the Central Government; and
(3) grave and complicated cases in areas under their
jurisdiction. Article 15 The higher people’s courts shall
have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over grave and
complicated administrative cases in areas under their
jurisdiction. Article 16 The Supreme People’s Court shall
have jurisdiction as a court of first instance over grave
and complicated administrative cases in the whole country.
Article 17 An administrative case shall be under the
jurisdiction of the people’s court in the locality of the
administrative organ that initially undertook the specific
administrative act. A reconsidered case in which the organ
conducting the reconsideration has amended the original
specific administrative act may also be placed under the
jurisdiction of the people’s court in the locality of the
administrative organ conducting the reconsideration. Article
18 A suit against compulsory administrative measures
restricting freedom of the person shall be under the
jurisdiction of a people’s court in the place where the
defendant or the plaintiff is located. Article 19 An
administrative suit regarding a real property shall be under
the jurisdiction of the people’s court in the place where
the real property is located. Article 20 When two or more
people’s courts have jurisdiction over a suit, the plaintiff
may have the option to bring the suit in one of these
people’s courts. If the plaintiff brings the suit in two or
more people’s courts that have jurisdiction over the suit,
the people’s court that first receives the bill of complaint
shall have jurisdiction. Article 21 If a people’s court
finds that a case it has accepted is not under its
jurisdiction, it shall transfer the case to the people’s
court that does have jurisdiction over the case. The
people’s court to which the case has been transferred shall
not on its own initiative transfer it to another people’s
court. Article 22 If a people’s court which has jurisdiction
over a case is unable to exercise its jurisdiction for
special reasons, a people’s court at a higher level shall
designate another court to exercise the jurisdiction. If a
dispute arises over jurisdiction between people’s courts, it
shall be resolved by the parties to the dispute through
consultation. If the dispute cannot be resolved through
consultation, it shall be reported to a people’s court
superior to the courts in dispute for the designation of
jurisdiction. Article 23 People’s courts at higher levels
shall have the authority to adjudicate administrative cases
over which people’s courts at lower levels have jurisdiction
as courts of first instance; they may also transfer
administrative cases over which they themselves have
jurisdiction as courts of first instance to people’s courts
at lower levels for trial. If a people’s court deems it
necessary for an administrative case of first instance under
its jurisdiction to be adjudicated by a people’s court at a
higher level, it may report to such a people’s court for
decision.
【章名】 Chapter IV Participants in Proceedings
Article 24 A citizen, a legal person or any other
organization that brings a suit in accordance with this Law
shall be a plaintiff. If a citizen who has the right to
bring a suit is deceased, his near relatives may bring the
suit. If a legal person or any other organization that has
the right to bring a suit terminates, the legal person or
any other organization that succeeds to its rights may bring
the suit. Article 25 If a citizen, a legal person or any
other organization, brings a suit directly before a people’s
court, the administrative organ that undertook the specific
administrative act shall be the defendant. For a
reconsidered case, if the organ that conducted the
reconsideration sustains the original specific
administrative act, the administrative organ that initially
undertook the act shall be the defendant; if the organ that
conducted the reconsideration has amended the original
specific administrative act, the administrative organ which
conducted the reconsideration shall be the defendant. If two
or more administrative organs have undertaken the same
specific administrative act, the administrative organs that
have jointly undertaken the act shall be the joint
defendants. If a specific administrative act has been
undertaken by an organization authorized to undertake the
act by the law or regulations, the organization shall be the
defendant. If a specific administrative act has been
undertaken by an organization as entrusted by an
administrative organ, the entrusting organ shall be the
defendant. If an administrative organ has been abolished,
the administrative organ that carries on the exercise of
functions and powers of the abolished organ shall be the
defendant. Article 26 A joint suit shall be constituted when
one party or both parties consist of two or more persons and
the administrative cases are against the same specific
administrative act or against the specific administrative
acts of the same nature and the people’s court considers
that the cases can be handled together. Article 27 If any
other citizen, legal person or any other organization has
interests in a specific administrative act under litigation,
he or it may, as a third party, file a request to
participate in the proceedings or may participate in them
when so notified by the people’s court. Article 28 Any
citizen with no capacity to take part in litigation shall
have one or more legal representatives who will act on his
behalf in a suit. If the legal representatives try to shift
their responsibilities onto each other, the people’s court
may appoint one of them as the representative of the
principal in litigation. Article 29 Each party or legal
representative may entrust one or two persons to represent
him in litigation. A lawyer, a public organization, a near
relative of the citizen bringing the suit, or a person
recommended by the unit to which the citizen bringing the
suit belongs or any other citizen approved by the people’s
court may be entrusted as an agent ad litem. Article 30 A
lawyer who serves as an agent ad litem may consult materials
pertaining to the case in accordance with relevant
provisions, and may also investigate among and collect
evidence from the organizations and citizens concerned. If
the information involves state secrets or the private
affairs of individuals, he shall keep it confidential in
accordance with relevant provisions of the law. With the
approval of the people’s court, parties and other agents ad
litem may consult the materials relating to the court
proceedings of the case, except those that involve state
secrets or the private affairs of individuals.
【章名】
Chapter V Evidence Article 31 Evidence shall be classified
as follows: (1) documentary evidence; (2) material evidence;
(3) audio-visual material; (4) testimony of witnesses; (5)
statements of the parties; (6) expert conclusions; and (7)
records of inquests and records made on the scene. Any of
the above-mentioned evidence must be verified by the court
before it can be taken as a basis for ascertaining a fact.
Article 32 The defendant shall have the burden of proof for
the specific administrative act he has undertaken and shall
provide the evidence and regulatory documents in accordance
with which the act has been undertaken. Article 33 In the
course of legal proceedings, the defendant shall not by
himself collect evidence from the plaintiff and witnesses.
Article 34 A people’s court shall have the authority to
request the parties to provide or supplement evidence. A
people’s court shall have the authority to obtain evidence
from the relevant administrative organs, other organizations
or citizens. Article 35 In the course of legal proceedings,
when a people’s court considers that an expert evaluation
for a specialized problem is necessary, the expert
evaluation shall be made by an expert evaluation department
as specified by law. In the absence of such a department,
the people’s court shall designate one to conduct the expert
evaluation. Article 36 Under circumstances where there is a
likelihood that evidence may be destroyed or lost or
difficult to obtain later on, the participants in
proceedings may apply to the people’s court for the evidence
to be preserved. The people’s court may also on its own
initiative take measures to preserve such evidence.
【章名】
Chapter VI Bringing a Suit and Accepting a Case Article 37 A
citizen, a legal person or any other organization may,
within the scope of cases acceptable to the people’s courts,
apply to an administrative organ at the next higher level or
to an administrative organ as prescribed by the law or
regulations for reconsideration, anyone who refuses to
accept the reconsideration decision may bring a suit before
a people’s court; a citizen, a legal person or any other
organization may also bring a suit directly before a
people’s court. In circumstances where, in accordance with
relevant provisions of laws or regulations, a citizen, a
legal person or any other organization shall first apply to
an administrative organ for reconsideration and then bring a
suit before a people’s court, if he or it refuses to accept
the reconsideration decision, the provisions of the laws or
regulations shall apply. Article 38 If a citizen, a legal
person or any other organization applies to an
administrative organ for reconsideration, the organ shall
make a decision within two months from the day of the
receipt of the application, except as otherwise provided for
by law or regulations. Anyone who refuses to accept the
reconsideration decision may bring a suit before a people’s
court within 15 days from the day of the receipt of the
reconsideration decision. If the administrative organ
conducting the reconsideration fails to make a decision on
the expiration of the time limit, the applicant may bring a
suit before a people’s court within 15 days after the time
limit for reconsideration expires, except as otherwise
provided for by law. Article 39 If a citizen, a legal person
or any other organization brings a suit directly before a
people’s court, he or it shall do so within three months
from the day when he or it knows that a specific
administrative act has been undertaken, except as otherwise
provided for by law. Article 40 If a citizen, a legal person
or any other organization fails to observe the time limit
prescribed by law due to force majeure or other special
reasons, he or it may apply for an extent of the time limit
within ten days after the obstacle is removed; the requested
extent shall be decided by a people’s court. Article 41 The
following requirements shall be met when a suit is brought:
(1) the plaintiff must be a citizen, a legal person or any
other organization that considers a specific administrative
act to have infringed upon his or its lawful rights and
interests; (2) there must be a specific defendant or
defendants; (3) there must be a specific claim and a
corresponding factual basis for the suit; and (4) the suit
must fall within the scope of cases acceptable to the
people’s courts and the specific jurisdiction of the
people’s court where it is filed. Article 42 When a people’s
court receives a bill of complaint, it shall, upon
examination, file a case within seven days or decide to
reject the complaint. If the plaintiff refuses to accept the
decision, he may appeal to a people’s court.
【章名】
Chapter VII Trial and Judgment Article 43 A people’s court
shall send a copy of the bill of complaint to the defendant
within five days of filing the case. The defendant shall
provide the people’s court with the documents on the basis
of which a specific administrative act has been undertaken
and file a bill of defence within ten days of receiving the
copy of the bill of complaint. The people’s court shall send
a copy of the bill of defence to the plaintiff within five
days of receiving it. Failure by the defendant to file a
bill of defence shall not prevent the case from being tried
by the people’s court. Article 44 During the time of legal
proceedings, execution of the specific administrative act
shall not be suspended. Execution of the specific
administrative act shall be suspended under one of the
following circumstances: (1) where suspension is deemed
necessary by the defendant; (2) where suspension of
execution is ordered by the people’s court at the request of
the plaintiff because, in the view of the people’s court,
execution of the specific administrative act will cause
irremediable losses and suspension of the execution will not
harm public interests; or (3) where suspension of execution
is required by the provisions of laws or regulations.
Article 45 Administrative cases in the people’s courts shall
be tried in public, except for those that involve state
secrets or the private affairs of individuals or are
otherwise provided for by law. Article 46 Administrative
cases in the people’s courts shall be tried by a collegial
panel of judges or of judges and assessors. The number of
members of a collegial panel shall be an odd number of three
or more. Article 47 If a party considers a member of the
judicial personnel to have an interest in the case or to be
otherwise related to it, which may affect the impartial
handling of the case, the party shall have the right to
demand his withdrawal. If a member of the judicial personnel
considers himself to have an interest in the case or to be
otherwise related to it, he shall apply for withdrawal. The
provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall apply to
court clerks, interpreters, expert witnesses and persons who
conduct inquests. The withdrawal of the president of the
court as the chief judge shall be decided by the court’s
adjudication committee; the withdrawal of a member of the
judicial personnel shall be decided by the president of the
court; the withdrawal of other personnel shall be decided by
the chief judge. Parties who refuse to accept the decision
may apply for reconsideration. Article 48 If the plaintiff
refuses to appear in court without justified reasons after
being twice legally summoned by the people’s court, the
court shall consider this an application for the withdrawal
of the suit; if the defendant refuses to appear in court
without justified reasons, the court may make a judgment by
default. Article 49 If a participant in the proceedings or
any other person commits any of the following acts, the
people’s court may, according to the seriousness of his
offence, reprimand him, order him to sign a statement of
repentance or impose upon him a fine of not more than 1,000
yuan or detain him for not longer than 15 days; if a crime
is constituted, his criminal responsibility shall be
investigated: (1) evading without reason, refusing to assist
in or obstructing the execution of the notice of a people’s
court for assistance in its execution by a person who has
the duty to render assistance; (2) forging, concealing or
destroying evidence; (3) instigating, suborning or
threatening others to commit perjury or hindering witnesses
from giving testimony; (4) concealing, transferring, selling
or destroying the property that has been sealed up, seized
or frozen; (5) using violence, threats or other means to
hinder the personnel of a people’s court from performing
their duties or disturbing the order of the work of a
people’s court; or (6) insulting, slandering, framing,
beating or retaliating against the personnel of a people’s
court, participants in proceedings or personnel who assist
in the execution of duties; A fine or detention must be
approved by the president of a people’s court. Parties who
refuse to accept the punishment decision may apply for
reconsideration. Article 50 A people’s court shall not apply
conciliation in handling an administrative case. Article 51
Before a people’s court announces its judgment or order on
an administrative case, if the plaintiff applies for the
withdrawal of the suit, or if the defendant amends its
specific administrative act and, as a result, the plaintiff
agrees and applies for the withdrawal of the suit, the
people’s court shall decide whether or not to grant the
approval. Article 52 In handling administrative cases, the
people’s courts shall take the law, administrative rules and
regulations and local regulations as the criteria. Local
regulations shall be applicable to administrative cases
within the corresponding administrative areas. In handling
administrative cases of a national autonomous area, the
people’s courts shall also take the regulations on autonomy
and separate regulations of the national autonomous area as
the criteria. Article 53 In handling administrative cases,
the people’s courts shall take, as references, regulations
formulated and announced by ministries or commissions under
the State Council in accordance with the law and
administrative rules and regulations, decisions or orders of
the State Council and regulations formulated and announced,
in accordance with the law and administrative rules and
regulations of the State Council, by the people’s
governments of provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, of the
cities where the people’s governments of provinces and
autonomous regions are located, and of the larger cities
approved as such by the State Council. If a people’s court
considers regulations formulated and announced by a local
people’s government to be inconsistent with regulations
formulated and announced by a ministry or commission under
the State Council, or if it considers regulations formulated
and announced by ministries or commissions under the State
Council to be inconsistent with each other, the Supreme
People’s Court shall refer the matter to the State Council
for interpretation or ruling. Article 54 After hearing a
case, a people’s court shall make the following judgments
according to the varying conditions: (1) If the evidence for
undertaking a specific administrative act is conclusive, the
application of the law and regulations to the act is
correct, and the legal procedure is complied with, the
specific administrative act shall be sustained by judgment.
(2) If a specific administrative act has been undertaken in
one of the following circumstances, the act shall be
annulled or partially annulled by judgment, or the defendant
may be required by judgment to undertake a specific
administrative act anew: a. inadequacy of essential
evidence; b. erroneous application of the law or
regulations; c. violation of legal procedure; d. exceeding
authority; or e. abuse of powers. (3) If a defendant fails
to perform or delays the performance of his statutory duty,
a fixed time shall be set by judgment for his performance of
the duty. (4) If an administrative sanction is obviously
unfair, it may be amended by judgment. Article 55 A
defendant who has been judged by a people’s court to
undertake a specific administrative act anew must not, based
on the same fact and reason, undertake a specific
administrative act essentially identical with the original
act. Article 56 In handling administrative cases, if a
people’s court considers the head of an administrative organ
or the person directly in charge to have violated
administrative discipline, it shall transfer the relevant
materials to the administrative organ or the administrative
organ at the next higher level or to a supervisory or
personnel department; if a people’s court considers the
person to have committed a crime, it shall transfer the
relevant materials to the public security and procuratorial
organs. Article 57 A people’s court shall pass a judgment of
first instance within three months from the day of filing
the case. Extent of the time limit necessitated by special
circumstances shall be approved by a higher people’s court,
extent of the time limit for handling a case of first
instance by a higher people’s court, extent of the time
limit for handling a case of first instance by a higher
people’s court shall be approved by the Supreme People’s
Court. Article 58 If a party refuses to accept a judgment of
first instance by a people’s court, he shall have the right
to file an appeal with the people’s court at the next higher
level within 15 days of the serving of the written judgment.
If a party refuses to accept an order of first instance by a
people’s court, he shall have the right to file an appeal
with the people’s court at the next higher level within 10
days of the serving of the written order. All judgments and
orders of first instance by a people’s court that have not
been appealed within the prescribed time limit shall be
legally effective. Article 59 A people’s court may handle an
appealed case by examining the court records, if it
considers the facts clearly ascertained. Article 60 In
handling an appealed case, a people’s court shall make a
final judgment within two months from the day of receiving
the appeal. Extent of the time limit necessitated by special
circumstances shall be approved by a higher people’s court,
extent of the time limit for handling an appealed case by a
higher people’s court shall be approved by the Supreme
People’s Court. Article 61 A people’s court shall handle an
appealed case respectively according to the conditions set
forth below: (1) if the facts are clearly ascertained and
the law and regulations are correctly applied in the
original judgment, the appeal shall be rejected and the
original judgment sustained; (2) if the facts are clearly
ascertained but the law and regulations are incorrectly
applied in the original judgment, the judgment shall be
amended according to the law and regulations; or (3) if the
facts are not clearly ascertained in the original judgment
or the evidence is insufficient, or a violation of the
prescribed procedure may have affected the correctness of
the original judgment, the original judgment shall be
rescinded and the case remanded to the original people’s
court for retrial, or the people’s court of the second
instance may amend the judgment after investigating and
clarifying the facts. The parties may appeal against the
judgment or order rendered in a retrial of their case.
Article 62 If a party considers that a legally effective
judgment or order contains some definite error, he may make
complaints to the people’s court which tried the case or to
a people’s court at a higher level, but the execution of the
judgment or order shall not be suspended. Article 63 If the
president of a people’s court finds a violation of
provisions of the law or regulations in a legally effective
judgment or order of his court and deems it necessary to
have the case retried, he shall refer the matter to the
adjudication committee, which shall decide whether a retrial
is necessary. If a people’s court at a higher level finds a
violation of provisions of the law or regulations in a
legally effective judgment or order of a people’s court at a
lower level, it shall have the power to bring the case up
for trial itself or direct the people’s court at the lower
level to conduct a retrial. Article 64 If the people’s
procuratorate finds a violation of provisions of the law or
regulations in a legally effective judgement or order of a
people’s court, it shall have the right to lodge a protest
in accordance with procedures of judicial supervision.
【章
名】 Chapter VII Execution Article 65 The parties must
perform the legally effective judgment or order of the
people’s court. If a citizen, a legal person or any other
organization refuses to perform the judgment or order, the
administrative organ may apply to a people’s court of first
instance for compulsory execution or proceed with compulsory
execution according to law. If an administrative organ
refuses to perform the judgment or order, the people’s court
of first instance may adopt the following measures: (1)
informing the bank to transfer from the administrative
organ’s account the amount of the fine that should be
returned or the damages that should be paid; (2) imposing a
fine of 50 to 100 yuan per day on an administrative organ
that fails to perform the judgment or order within the
prescribed time limit, counting from the day when the time
limit expires; (3) putting forward a judicial proposal to
the administrative organ superior to the administrative
organ in question or to a supervisory or personnel
department; the organ or department that accepts the
judicial proposal shall deal with the matter in accordance
with the relevant provisions and inform the people’s court
of its disposition; and (4) if an administrative organ
refuses to execute a judgment or order, and the
circumstances are so serious that a crime is constituted,
the head of the administrative organ and the person directly
in charge shall be investigated for criminal responsibility
according to law. Article 66 If a citizen, a legal person or
any other organization, during the period prescribed by law,
neither brings a suit nor carries out the specific
administrative act, the administrative organ may apply to a
people’s court for compulsory execution, or proceed with
compulsory execution according to law.
【章名】 Chapter IX
Liability for Compensation for Infringement of Rights
Article 67 A citizen, a legal person or any other
organization who suffers damage because of the infringement
upon his or its lawful rights and interests by a specific
administrative act of an administrative organ or the
personnel of an administrative organ, shall have the right
to claim compensation. If a citizen, a legal person or any
other organization makes an independent claim for damages,
the case shall first be dealt with by an administrative
organ. Anyone who refuses to accept the disposition by the
administrative organ may file a suit in a people’s court.
Conciliation may be applied in handling a suit for damages.
Article 68 If a specific administrative act undertaken by an
administrative organ or the personnel of an administrative
organ infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of a
citizen, a legal person or any other organization and causes
damage, the administrative organ or the administrative organ
to which the above-mentioned personnel belongs shall be
liable for compensation. After paying the compensation, the
administrative organ shall instruct those members of its
personnel who have committed intentional or gross mistakes
in the case to bear part or all of the damages. Article 69
The cost of compensation shall be included as an expenditure
in the government budget at various levels. The people’s
governments at various levels may order the administrative
organs responsible for causing the compensation to bear part
or all of the damages. The specific measures thereof shall
be formulated by the State Council.
【章名】 Chapter X
Administrative Procedure Involving Foreign Interests Article
70 This Law shall be applicable to foreign nationals,
stateless persons and foreign organizations that are engaged
in administrative suits in the People’s Republic of China,
except as otherwise provided for by law. Article 71 Foreign
nationals, stateless persons and foreign organizations that
are engaged in administrative suits in the People’s Republic
of China shall have the same litigation rights and
obligations as citizens and organizations of the People’s
Republic of China. Should the courts of a foreign country
impose restrictions on the administrative litigation rights
of the citizens and organizations of the People’s Republic
of China, the Chinese people’s courts shall follow the
principle of reciprocity regarding the administrative
litigation rights of the citizens and organizations of that
foreign country. Article 72 If an international treaty
concluded or acceded to by the People’s Republic of China
contains provisions different from those found in this Law,
the provisions of the international treaty shall apply,
unless the provisions are ones on which the People’s
Republic of China has announced reservations. Article 73
When foreign nationals, stateless persons and foreign
organizations appoint lawyers as their agents ad litem in
administrative suits in the People’s Republic of China, they
shall appoint lawyers of a lawyers’ organization of the
People’s Republic of China.
【章名】 Chapter XI
Supplementary Provisions Article 74 A people’s court shall
charge litigation fees for handling administrative cases.
The litigation fee shall be borne by the losing party, or by
both parties if they are both held responsible. The
procedure for the charging of litigation fees shall be
specified separately. Article 75 This Law shall come into
force as of October 1, 1990.
